Individual Corruption

The USAID Corruption Assessment 2005 states that city officials at the municipal level hold a great deal of discretion in relation to the allocation of land access permits. This opens up for demands for bribes in the interactions between citizens and the land administration authorities.

Business Corruption

Land is officially owned by the state, and private companies can only apply for land use rights. The USAID Corruption Assessment 2005 mentions access to land as one of the areas most vulnerable to corruption at the municipal level in Mozambique. In a similar vein, according to Bertelsmann Foundation 2010, private property regulations are not enforced consistently and without discrimination in Mozambique. Thus, companies should be aware that land is treated like private property when it comes to disbursing it among the political elite. Moreover, companies should also note that they might lose out against other bigger, connected companies.

Frequency

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011:
- Registering property in Mozambique requires a company to go through an average of 8 administrative procedures, lasting an average of 42 days and costing 10% of the property value.

World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011:
- Business executives give the protection of property rights in Mozambique, including financial assets, a score of 3.3 on a 7-point scale (1 'very weak' and 7 'very strong').