General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2011.
• Times Live: 'Arms deal commission will have subpoena powers', 27 October 2011.
• The Irish Times: 'ANC government under pressure as €3bn annual corruption revealed', 14 October 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa reopens 1999 arms deal investigation', 15 September 2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Supply Management: 'Corruption crackdown in South Africa', 18 February 2010.
• The Economist: 'Stop that virus: As widespread corruption is exposed, will Jacob Zuma tackle it?', 4 February 2010.
• South Africa Government Information: Budget vote speech for National Treasury by Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan, 1 July 2009.
• Global Integrity Commons: 'Cha-Ching! in South Africa, Zuma's Cabinet Stocked with Potential Conflicts of Interest', 15 May 2009.
• BBC News: 'ANC is denied two-thirds majority', 25 April 2009.
• The Mail & Guardian Online: 'NPA drops corruption charges against Zuma', 6 April 2009.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Zuma Faces Charges After Ruling', 12 January 2009.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Afrobarometer: Summary of Results South Africa 2008.
• Institute for Security Studies, Reddy, T. and Sokomani, A.: Corruption and Social Grants in South Africa, November 2008.
• IDASA, Pienaar, G.: Procurement corruption - New Agenda (Issue 31 Third Q) 2008.
• BBC News: 'New S Africa president sworn in', 25 September 2008.
• The Guardian: 'Mbeki fights for survival after Zuma showdown', 15 September 2008.
• Mail and Guardian South Africa: 'Zuma Charges: NPA denies political interference', 2 January 2008.
• Mail and Guardian: 'Prosecution alleges Shaik paid thousands for Zuma kids', 1 January 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Business Day: 'Call for Zuma Charges to be Dropped', 31 December 2007.
• Financial Times: 'Zuma's ANC Leadership needs to prove sceptics wrong', 20 December 2007.
• BBC News: 'S Africa's controversial arms deal', 20 December 2007.
• Business Against Crime South Africa & GTZ: Research Report on corruption in South African Private Sector, 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• H.V. Vuuren: Small Bribes, Big Challenge: Extent and Nature of Petty Corruption in South Africa 2004.
• H.V. Vuuren, Transparency International: New Anti-Corruption Governments: The Challenge of Delivery 2004.
• UNODC & Department of Public Service and Administration: Country Corruption Assessment Report South Africa 2003.
• Institute for Security Studies: Who Funds Who?.
• Trading Economics: South Africa GDP Growth Rate.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the World - South Africa 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the World - South Africa 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Afrobarometer: Summary of Results South Africa 2008.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2007
• National Anti-Corruption Forum: Fighting Corruption Together: Past Achievements, Future Challenges, Report on the Proceedings of the Second National Anti-Corruption Summit 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.

Police

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Bloomberg: 'Zuma Suspends South African Police Chief After Graft Claims', 24 October 2011.
• News24: 'SAPS plans new anti-graft strategy', 13 September 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa police chief Bheki Cele in 'unlawful deal'', 14 July 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report 2010.
• Institute for Security Studies: 'All eyes on you: ANC Election Promises, Integrity, and the SAPS', 8 July 2009.
• AllAfrica: 'South Africa: Scorpions make way for the Hawks', 7 July 2009.
• Africasia: 'S. Africa's safety minister admits corrupt police', 5 January 2009.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Afrobarometer: Summary of Results South Africa 2008.
• Aljazeera: 'S. Africa to shut anti-crime agency', 12 February 2008.
• The Irish Times: 'Interpol chief accused of corruption', 14 January 2008.
• The Irish Times: 'Investigator of SA police chief arrested for graft', 10 January 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 24, 2005.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - South Africa 2010.
• Mail & Guardian: 'Getting a licence can drive you to corruption', 12 February 2010.
• The Mail & Guardian Online: 'US slams corrupt SA home affairs department', 7 May 2009.
• The Times: '2010 World Cup worries rise with brutal killing of top official', 6 January 2009.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Afrobarometer: Summary of Results South Africa 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• The Times: 'Roads agency 'manipulated' highway project', 30 May 2007.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 27, 2006.
• Business Day: 'Waiting to See Where Ghavalas' Chickens Roost', 20 March 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 24, 2005.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.

Land Administration

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• South Africa: The Good News: '923 caught for housing fraud', 27 November 2009.
• BuaNews: 'South Africa: Sexwale Vows to Stamp out Corruption in Dept.', 30 June 2009.
• BuaNews: 'Fraud, Corruption Unit Saves Tax Payers R18 Million', 11 March 2009.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 29, 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 27, 2006.
• Business Day: 'Fakie Uncovers Housing Grant Graft of R323m', 28 February 2006.
• BuaNews: 'Land Reform Scam Inflated Farm Prices by R20m', 28 February 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 6, 2003.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• Afrobarometer: Summary of Results South Africa 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• BuaNews: 'South African Revenue Service Official Nabbed for Corruption', 3 February 2004.
• UNODC & Department of Public Service and Administration: Country Corruption Assessment Report South Africa 2003.

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011. .
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• ZimEye: 'SA Immigration official arrested for bribery', 25 December, 2009.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• International Intellectual Property Alliance: Special 301 Report 2007.
• Cape Times: 'Corruption Causes Staff Vacancies at Home Affairs', 27 August 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• UNODC & Department of Public Service and Administration: Country Corruption Assessment Report South Africa 2003.
• Sally Peberdy, Southern African Migration Project: Trading Places. Cross-Border Traders and the South African Informal Sector, Migration Policy Series No. 6.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• Times Live: 'Arms deal commission will have subpoena powers', 27 October 2011.
• Presidency of Republic of South Africa: ‘Presidency to publicly release the Donen Commission Report’, Press release 18 October 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa reopens 1999 arms deal investigation', 15 September 2011.

• Mail & Guardian: ‘John Block fraud case postponed to 2012’, 10 June 2011.

• Time Live: ‘ANC provincial boss bust for tender fraud’, 4 November 2010.

• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.

• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2008.
• IDASA, Pienaar, G.: Procurement corruption - New Agenda (Issue 31 Third Q) 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 37 2007.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 28, 2006.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 27, 2006.
• Business Day: 'Inquiry into SA's Role in UN's Iraq Food Plan', 13 February 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 24, 2005.
• Cape Times: 'Angry Skwatsha Responds to Allegations of Corruption, Not Paying Traffic Fines', 27 May 2005.
• The Herald: 'Smeared Malatsi to quit ministerial post', 18 May 2005.
• Business Day: 'Companies face threat of blacklist for tenders', 11 April 2005.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: The South African Strategic Defence Procurement Package Case Study.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Mail & Guardian: 'Mining-audit inspectors face bribery, intimidation', 15 November 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008.
• Institute for Security Studies, André Standing: Corruption and the Extractive Industries in Africa: Can combating corruption cure the resource curse? ISS Paper 153, October 2007.
• IOL News: 'Bookkeeper tells all', 18 February 2007.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 27, 2006.
• IOL: 'Massive corruption exposed in metal smuggling', 16 April 2006.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - South Africa 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa MPs pass controversial 'secrecy bill'', 22 November 2011.
• Bloomberg: 'Zuma Suspends South African Police Chief After Graft Claims', 24 October 2011.
• News24: 'SAPS plans new anti-graft strategy', 13 September 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa police chief Bheki Cele in 'unlawful deal'', 14 July 2011.
• AFP: 'Elite S.Africa cops not independent enough: court', 17 March 2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - South Africa 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• BusinessDay: 'Motlanthe rejects additional lifestyle audits', 4 March 2010.
• Reuters: South Africa's Zuma orders review of troubled state firms', 21 February 2010.
• The Economist: Stop that virus: As widespread corruption is exposed, will Jacob Zuma tackle it?', 4 February 2010.
• BusinessDay: 'State urged to act on corrupt public servants', 29 January 2010.
• Institute for Democracy in South Africa: 'Public servants still profit from state procurement', 15 July 2009.
• South Africa Government Information: Address by the President of the Republic His Excellency Jacob G Zuma on the occasion of the Budget Vote of The Presidency, 24 June 2009.
• BuaNews: 'New Committee to Help Government Fight Corruption', 23 November 2009.
• BBC News: 'SA mayors told to end corruption', 20 October 2009.
• AllAfrica: 'South Africa: Scorpions Make Way for the Hawks', 7 July 2009.
• News24: 'Ex-Scorpion boss warns Hawks', 6 July 2009.
• The African Institute of Corporate Citizenship: Report on Benchmarking Anti-Corruption Initiatives in Africa 2009.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2008.
• Institute for Democracy in South Africa: Procurement Corruption 2008.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2008
• The Economist: 'Scorpions Stung', 8 May 2008.
• Aljazeera: 'S. Africa to shut anti-crime agency', 12 February 2008.
• News 24: 'Scorpions to be dissolved', 12 February 2008.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 37 2007.
• Institute for Security Studies Information Portal on Corruption in Africa: SA Corruption Briefing Issue 36 2007.
• Mail and Guardian South Africa: 'Zuma Charged with Corruption', Fraud, 28 December 2007.
• Markinor Research Group: 'Tingle or Sting? The Potency of the Scorpions', 22 November 2007.
• Xinhua General News Service: 'South Africa to Conduct Survey to Help Combat Corruption', 31 July 2007.
• Pretoria News: 'Surge in Graft in Public Service - Report', 14 June 2007.
• Pretoria News: 'Training in Anti-Corruption Standards Lags', 4 July 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - South Africa 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• UNDP: Institutional Arrangements to Combat Corruption 2005.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.
• The World Bank Institute: Business Fighting Corruption.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - South Africa 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
• BBC News: 'South Africa MPs pass controversial 'secrecy bill'', 22 November 2011.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'South Africa Parliament Passes Secrecy Bill', 22 November 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - South Africa 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - South Africa 2010.
• Global Integrity: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Reporters Without Borders: South Africa Country Report 2010.
• Freedom House: Special Report Section - South Africa 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the World - South Africa 2009.
• Pretoria News: 'Knives Out for Whistleblower Who Leaked SABC Graft Report', 16 August 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report South Africa 2005.