General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2011.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• Pakistan Today: 'Govt won’t ask Swiss authorities to reopen Zardari cases', 5 December 2011.
• US Commercial Service: Pakistan Country Commercial Guide 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2010.
• AFP: 'Pakistan Supreme Court postpones Zardari graft hearing', 12 October 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• The New York Times: 'Pakistan Strikes Down Amnesty for Politicians', 16 December 2009.
• Pakistan Trade Union Defence Campaign: 'PTUDC Conference against privatisation in Karachi', 9 June 2009.
• The Globe and Mail: 'Pakistani courts bar opposition leader, sparking crisis', 26 February 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Lexadin: The World Law Guide - Legislation Pakistan 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• The Associated Press 'Pakistan restores 3 judges ousted by Musharraf', 8 September 2008.
• BBC News: 'Pakistan Sets New Election Date', 2 January 2008.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Widower of Bhutto emerges as Kingmaker' 2 January 2008.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2007.
• Transparency International Pakistan: Nature and Extent of Corruption in the Public Sector 2007.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Amjad Mahmood, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Pakistan's National Anti Corruption Strategy: Background, Status, Opportunities and Challenges, 2007.
• Deutsche Presse-Agentur: 'Ex-premier Bhutto to Announce Date for Pakistan Return', 14 September 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Pakistan 2006.
• BBC News: Pakistan Country Profile.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate - Pakistan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2010.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Pakistan 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• The Express Tribune: 'Unanimous approval: Senate adopts 19th amendment', 31 December 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• The Associated Press: 'Pakistan restores 3 judges ousted by Musharraf', 8 September 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2007.
• Los Angeles Times: 'Pakistani Party Goes to Court', 12 September 2007.

Police

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2011.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• The Ombudsman's Office: Annual Report 2007.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• The Express Tribune: 'Pakistan Railways Special Report: A journey of neglect, incompetence and corruption', 5 December 2011.
• Transparency International: 'Corrupt railways officials to be jailed: CJ', 1 December 2011.
• The Express Tribune: 'Corruption costs Pakistan Railways over Rs4 billion: Report', 22 July 2011.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman): Annual Report 2007.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Pakistan's health sector: does corruption lurk?', 2007.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Pakistan 2011.
• The Express Tribune: 'Profitless venture: Railways leasing land at throw-away prices', 23 November 2011.
• Pakistan Today: 'Pakistan Railways suffers losses of Rs52b', 22 July 2011.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Pakistan 2010.
• US Commercial Service: Pakistan Country Commercial Guide 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Association for Progressive Communications: 'Internet Censorship in Pakistan - Naval Chief misusing his powers', 18 August 2008.
• International Federation of Surveyors: Corruption and Land Administration 2006.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate - Pakistan 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Pakistan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2011.
• Dawn: 'Loopholes in e-tax refunds costing Rs15bn a month', 26 September 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Paktribune: 'Transparency asks FBR to probe MPs' tax returns', 16 September 2010.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Business Recorder: 'Huge quantity of smuggled goods seized', 22 February 2009.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Pakistan: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business Reformer's Club Case Studies - Speeding Up Trade 2007.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate - Pakistan 2011.
• US Commercial Service: Pakistan Country Commercial Guide 2010.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Sify: 'Pak Govt. can save four billion dollars by ridding rampant corruption in procurement', 6 July 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
• U4 Helpdesk: Corruption in Pakistan.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Newsline: 'The Grand Steel steal?', May 2006.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Pakistan 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate - Pakistan 2011.
• Pakistan Today: 'Govt won’t ask Swiss authorities to reopen Zardari cases', 5 December 2011.
• Global Integrity: Pakistan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Pakistan 2010.
• Dawn: 'Auditor General's office detects Rs323bn bungling', 4 May 2010.
• The New York Times: 'Zardari Back In Spotlight in Pakistan Graft Cases', 31 March 2010.
• Inform: 'Zardari convenes Pakistan crisis talks', 24 February 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2009.
• BBC News: 'Zardari Faces resignation demands', 17 December 2009.
• The New York Times: 'Pakistan Strikes Down Amnesty for Politicians', 16 December 2009.
• Common Ground News Service: 'Pakistan's ombudsman tackles injustice and unaccountability', 27 October 2009.
• The News: 'Zardari gets tough with Musharraf', 9 February 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2008.
• International Monetary Fund: Pakistan: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes—
  Fiscal Transparency Module—An Update 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Overview of Corruption in Pakistan, 8 August 2008.
• Reuters: 'Pakistan's Musharraf rejects UN inquiry on Bhutto', 11 January 2008.
• Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman): Annual Report 2007.
• Amjad Mahmood, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Pakistan's National Anti Corruption Strategy: Background, Status, Opportunities and Challenges, 2007.
• The News: 'Transparency International Report Independent Judiciary Termed Vital to End Corruption', 27 September 2007.
• Transparency International: Procurement Handbook: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement – Experiences from Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan 2006.
• ADB & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia-Pacific: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific, Pakistan 2006.
• Daily Times: 'Rainbow Centre business bombs 60% in raid aftermath', 5 March 2006.
• BBC News: 'Pakistan off human smuggling list', 3 June 2005.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World 2011.
• Reporters Without Borders: Pakistan Country Report 2011.
• The Telegraph: 'Anna Hazare: Pakistan to follow India with anti-corruption campaign', 24 August 2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2010.
• Reporters Without Borders: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Pakistan 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Pakistan 2010.
• Transparency International Pakistan: National Corruption Perception Survey 2009.
• BBC News: 'Pakistan reinstates sacked judge', 16 March 2009.
• Business Recorder: 'Commissioner Multan signs MoU with TIP', 22 February 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Amjad Mahmood, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Pakistan's National Anti Corruption Strategy: Background, Status, Opportunities and Challenges, 2007.
• The Nation: 'Pakistan 42nd Most Corrupt Country', 27 September 2007.
• OECD: Anti-Corruption Policies in Asia and the Pacific 2004. 
• BBC News: Pakistan Country Profile.