General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• MercoPress: 'Peruvian Vice-President suspended from Congress over corruption allegations', 15 November 2011.
• MercoPress: 'Calls for Peruvian vice-president to resign on allegation of corruption', 8 November 2011.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'Peru's new leadership faces first corruption test', 2 November 2011.
• The New York Times: 'Peru leader ousts 30 police generals in anti-corruption drive', 10 October 2011.
• Ipsos Apoyo, Opinión y Mercado: Opinión Data: Resumen de Encuestas a la opinión pública, October 2011 (in Spanish).
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• Associated Press: 'Leftist Humala narrowly wins Peru election', 6 June 2011.
• Guardian: 'Ollanta Humala's win is a promise to Peru's poor', 6 June 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Human Rights Watch: World Report Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• Proética: Sexta Encuesta Nacional de Corrupción 2008 (in Spanish).
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Peru 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2009.
• Ipsos Apoyo, Opinión y Mercado: Opinión Data: Resumen de Encuestas a la opinión pública, May 2009 (in Spanish).
• BBC News:'Fujimore Sentenced for corruption', 30 September 2009.
• Compañia Peruana de Estudios de Mercado y Opinón Pública (CPI): Programa de Estudios de Medios CPI 2008 (in Spanish).
• Miller & Chevalier: Latin America Corruption Survey 2008.
• US Department of State: Background Note: Peru 2008.
• Agencia Informativa Latinoamericano: 'Gobierno peruano pretende poner fin a escándolo de corrupción', 15 November 2008.
• Agencia Informativa Latinoamericano: 'Corrupción asoma como principal desafío de nuevo primer ministro en Perú', 13 October 2008.
• BBC News: 'Protesters decry Peru corruption', 8 October 2008.
• BBC News: 'Oil contract scandal shakes Peru', 7 October 2008.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Peru's cabinet offers to resign over scandal', 9 October 2008.
• El Comercio: 'Corrupción desplaza al desempleo como pricipalproblema del país', 20 April 2008.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2007 (see English version).
• Breibart: 'Ex-Peruvian President Fujimori Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison', 12 December 2007.
• The Irish Times: 'Former Peruvian President on Trial for Massacres', 11 December 2007.
• The International Herald Tribune: 'Ex-President Sent Home to Peru to Face Human Rights Charges', 24 September 2007.
• Christian Science Monitor: 'Still Wanted in Peru, Alberto Fujimori Runs for Office in Japan', 25 July 2007.
• The New York Times: 'Chilean Court Rejects Extradition for Fujimori', 12 July 2007.
• BBC News: Peru Country Profile.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Peru 2010.
• Peruvian Times: 'Judicial commission suspends competition following corruption allegations', 23 February 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• Miller & Chevalier: Latin America Corruption Survey 2008.
• Proética: Quinta Encuesta Nacional de Corrupción 2008 (in Spanish).
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2007.
• Inter Press Service: 'Lax sentences Bode Poorly for Fight Against Corruption', 1 March 2007.
• The San Francisco Chronicle: 'How to Steal a Democracy', 22 January 2006.

Police

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• The New York Times: 'Peru leader ousts 30 police generals in anti-corruption drive', 10 October 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2009.
• Peruvian Times: 'Ombudsman’s Office recommends new law to improve quality of police force', 9 May 2009.
• Proética: Quinta Encuesta Nacional de Corrupción 2008 (in Spanish).
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• Miller & Chevalier: Latin America Corruption Survey 2008.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• MercoPress: 'Peruvian Vice-President suspended from Congress over corruption allegations', 15 November 2011.
• MercoPress: 'Calls for Peruvian vice-president to resign on allegation of corruption', 8 November 2011.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'Peru's new leadership faces first corruption test', 2 November 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Peruvian Times: 'Head of Peru’s main water utility resigns over corruption allegations', 12 February 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2009.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• The Lima Bean: 'Machu Picchu train company fined under monopoly law', 21 July 2007.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Peru 2010.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Miller & Chevalier: Latin America Corruption Survey 2008.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• IPS: 'Vice President Accused of Corruption', 13 November 2009.
• Miller & Chevalier: Latin America Corruption Survey 2008.
• Scoop News: 'Oil Industry Told To Keep Off Uncontacted Tribes Land', 6 July 2007.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• Agencia Informativa Latinoamericano: 'Gobierno peruano pretende poner fin a escándolo de corrupción', 15 November 2008.
• Agencia Informativa Latinoamericano: 'Corrupción asoma como principal desafío de nuevo primer ministro en Perú', 13 October 2008.
• BBC News: 'Protesters decry Peru corruption', 8 October 2008.
• BBC News: 'Oil contract scandal shakes Peru', 7 October 2008.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Peru's cabinet offers to resign over scandal', 9 October 2008.
• El Comercio: 'Corrupción desplaza al desempleo como pricipal problema del país', 20 April 2008.
• BBC News: Peru Country Profile.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• MercoPress: 'Peruvian Vice-President suspended from Congress over corruption allegations', 15 November 2011.
• MercoPress: 'Calls for Peruvian vice-president to resign on allegation of corruption', 8 November 2011.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'Peru's new leadership faces first corruption test', 2 November 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• UNODC: Peru UNCAC Pilot Review Programme Implementation Report 2010.
• Peruvian Times: 'Peru government announces creation of anti-corruption commission', 2 February 2010.
• Basel Institute on Governance: Managing Proceeds of Asset Recovery: The case of Nigeria, Peru, the Philippines and Kazakhstan, Working Paper Series October 2009.
• Human Rights Watch: World Report Peru 2008.
• El Comercio: 'La ONA anunció un plan nacional contra la corrupción para el 2008', 30 January 2008.
• BBC News: Peru Country Profile.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• Human Rights Watch: World Report Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• Reporters Without Borders: Peru Country Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Peru 2010.
• San Francisco Chronicle: 'How to steal a democracy', 22 January 2006.
• BBC News: Peru Country Profile.