The websites listed below provide useful facts on Peru as well as contacts and tools for companies operating in Peru:

• International Finance Corporation: Peru SME Toolkit (in Spanish) and Latin America & the Caribbean SME Toolkit (in Spanish)
  Guide to sustainable business management practices for SMEs.
• Business Fighting Corruption
  An online resource centre for business on collective action to avoid corruption which contains a guide and resources for partnerships with companies and other stakeholders to fight against corruption.
• CIA World Factbook: Peru Profile
• World Bank: Peru Data Profile

Sources for further reading:

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Peru 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Peru 2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Peru 2010.
• Global Integrity: Peru Country Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Peru 2010.
• Proética: Sexta Encuesta Nacional de Corrupción 2010 (in Spanish).

UNCAC Status: Signed 10 December 2003. Ratified 16 October 2004.

Status on UNCAC Implementation
This field describes the country's status on the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Please note any declarations and reservations made upon ratification. The list of signatories can be found on the UNODC website. Read more about the UNCAC. The Government of Peru participated in a pilot programme to test methodologies for UNCAC implementation review. The corresponding Peru UNCAC Pilot Review Programme Implementation Report 2010 is the outcome of a peer review process and assesses the implementation of selected UNCAC articles. Participation in the programme and publication of the report was purely voluntary.

Other Relevant Conventions or Treaties:

• Inter-American Convention Against Corruption: Ratified June 1997.
  Read Transparency International's summary and assessment of the convention.
• United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: Signed 14 December 2000. Ratified 23 January 2003.
  Read Transparency International's summary and assessment of the convention.

Transparency CPI: 2011: 80/182 (Score: 3.4)

Transparency CPI
This field consists of the score for the country in question on the Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International as well as its ranking.

World Bank CORR Index (-2.5 - +2.5): 2010: -0.23

World Bank Corruption Index
This field consists of the score for the country in question on the 'Control of Corruption' indicator in the World Bank Governance Research Indicator Country Snapshot (GRICS): 1996-2010.

OECD Country Risk Classification (0-7): 2011: 3

Country Risk Classification
The classification of countries by risk category has the aim of providing OECD countries with a basis for calculating the premium interest rate to be charged to cover the risk of non-repayment of export credits. Countries are placed in risk categories 0 - 7, with 0 being the lowest risk category and thus the least expensive. Conversely, premium group 7 is the highest risk category. Each classification is comprised of 2 components: 1) an assessment of the country's economic/financial situation, and 2) its overall political stability. Access the complete list of OECD Country Risk Classification figures.

Data Verification:

Publication Date: February 2012

Data verified by: Global Advice Network