General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Nicaragua 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2010.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2009 (see English version).
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2008.
• Lexadin: The World Law Guide - Legislation Nicaragua 2008.
• El Nuevo Diarío:'Mafia an Tola - Acusa', 29 May 2007.
• 'Xinhua News Agency: 'Piden Manejo Transparente de Recursos Públicos en Nicaragua', 15 February 2007.
• Grupo Cívico Ética y Transparencia: Estudio Anticorrupción de Nicaragua 2006 (in Spanish).
• Mechanism for Follow-Up on the Implementation of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (MESICIC): Republic of Nicaragua - Final Report 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2005.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2005.
• BBC News: Nicaragua Country Report.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Nicaragua 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• Procuraduria General De La Republica: 4to ciclo de medición: Percepción de corrupción en servicios públicos locales (Hallazgos) 2009.
• IPS: 'Despite Efforts, Corruption Still a Problem', 19 November 2009.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2006.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.

Police

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Nicaragua 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2010.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010.
• Procuraduria General De La Republica: 4to ciclo de medición: Percepción de corrupción en servicios públicos locales (Hallazgos) 2009.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Latinobarómetro: Annual Report 2008 (see English version).
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2006.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• Procuraduria General De La Republica: 4to ciclo de medición: Percepción de corrupción en servicios públicos locales (Hallazgos) 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2011.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2008.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2006.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2006.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2005.

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2005.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Nicaragua 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Transparency International: Los Sistemas Nacional de Integridad - Nicaragua 2008 (in Spanish).
• Global Witness: Independent Forest Monitoring Pilot Project in Nicaragua. First Summary Report of Activities, August 2006 - March 2007.
• Red Probidad: 'Nicaragua: Irregularidades en Planes de Manejo Forestal', 1 June 2007.
• Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla: Barriers to legality in the forest sectors of Honduras and Nicaragua 2003.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Nicaragua: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2008.
• Lexadin: The World Law Guide - Legislation Nicaragua 2008.
• Probidad: Esfuerzos Gubermentales de Lucha Contra la Corrupción en Centroamérica 2007 (in Spanish).
• International Herald Tribune: 'In Nicaragua, Ortega Plans to Review Privatizations', 27 January 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2006.
• Grupo Cívico Ética y Transparencia: Estudio Anticorrupción de Nicaragua 2006.
• Mechanism for Follow-Up on the Implementation of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (MESICIC): Republic of Nicaragua - Final Report 2006.
• Transparency International: Perfil del Sistema Nacional de Integridad de Nicaragua 2003 (in Spanish).

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Reporters Without Borders: Nicaragua Country Report 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Nicaragua 2010.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2009.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Nicaragua 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2009.
• Global Integrity: Nicaragua Country Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Nicaragua 2008.
• Reporters Without Borders: 'Reporters Without Borders writes to President Daniel Ortega about poor state of public freedoms', 21 October 2008.
• Probidad: Esfuerzos Gubermentales de Lucha Contra la Corrupción en Centroamérica 2007 (in Spanish).
• Grupo Cívico Ética y Transparencia: Estudio Anticorrupción de Nicaragua 2006 (in Spanish).
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Nicaragua 2006.